“Best and Worst Foods for Lung Health”

 

WHY FOOD MATTERS: A healthy, well-balanced diet goes a long way to keep your body strong, including your lungs. In general, aim for a variety of foods from each food group to keep your lungs happy. (Hint: More plants and fewer processed foods are better for just about everyone.) To keep your lungs in tiptop shape, here are some examples of foods to enjoy and avoid or limit -- along with not smoking and other lung-friendly habits.

GOOD: HIGH-FIBER FOODS - What do raspberries, peas, lentils, and black beans have in common? They’re all high in fiber, which is great for your lungs. Research suggests people who eat more fiber have lungs that work better than those who don’t eat much fiber. Other fiber-rich foods include whole-wheat spaghetti, baked beans, chia seeds, quinoa, pears, and broccoli.

BAD: PROCESSED MEATS - Studies show a link between processed, or cured, meats and worse lung function. Researchers think the nitrites used in processing and preserving cured meats may cause inflammation and stress to the lungs. Bacon, ham, deli meat, and sausage all fall into the category of processed meats.

GOOD: COFFEE - Good news for coffee lovers: Your morning cup could be doing your lungs a favor. Research points to a connection between regular coffee and healthier lungs. This could be due to the caffeine, which is anti-inflammatory, and polyphenols, which are antioxidant and also anti-inflammatory.

BAD: TOO MUCH ALCOHOL - Heavy drinking is bad for your liver and for your lungs. Sulfites in alcohol can worsen asthma symptoms, and ethanol affects your lung cells. If you drink too much, you’re more likely to get pneumonia and other lung problems. But a little bit is OK. Two drinks or less per day, especially if it’s wine, may be good for your lung health. Health experts don’t recommend anyone start drinking, though -- and if you do drink, keep it moderate.

GOOD: WHOLE GRAINS - Whole grains are great for your lungs. They include brown rice, whole-wheat bread, whole-wheat pasta, oats, quinoa, and barley. Not only are whole-grain foods high in fiber, which has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory qualities, but they’re full of vitamin E, selenium, and essential fatty acids, which are good for lung health. Refined grains, like white flour and white rice, lose many of their nutrients in the milling process.

BAD: SUGARY DRINKS - Do your lungs a favor and swap out soft drinks for water. A study found adults who drank more than five sweetened soft drinks a week were more likely to have ongoing bronchitis, and kids were more likely to have asthma. It’s not clear that the sodas were the reason why, but the pattern stood out. If you smoke, even unsweetened soft drinks can be bad for your lungs.

GOOD: BERRIES - Red and blue fruits like blueberries and strawberries are rich in a flavonoid called anthocyanin, which gives them their color and is also a strong antioxidant. Research suggests this pigment can slow down your lungs’ natural decline as you age. In one study, older men who ate at least two servings of blueberries a week had notably less decline in lung function than those who ate fewer or no blueberries.

BAD: TOO MUCH SALT - A little adds flavor, but a lot adds to your odds for lung problems. People who eat a lot of salt are more likely to have long-term bronchitis. And a high-sodium diet can worsen asthma symptoms, but you may be able to help your lungs work better if you go light on salt for a couple of weeks. Cook from scratch and avoid restaurants and packaged foods. Read labels and ask your doctor how much is too much. Limits are usually 1,500 to 2,300 mg per day.

GOOD: LEAFY GREEN VEGETABLES - Load your plate with spinach, Swiss chard, and other leafy greens, and you could lower your chance of getting lung cancer. One study found that Chinese greens are particularly good for this purpose. This could be because they are high in carotenoids, which are antioxidant.

GOOD: DAIRY PRODUCTS - Research suggests drinking milk and eating cheese, yogurt, and other dairy products can lower your chances of dying from lung cancer. Unless you’re allergic to it, dairy is tied to anti-inflammatory properties. On the flip side, if you have asthma or another lung problem, going dairy-free may help cut down on your mucus production.

GOOD: TOMATOES - Tomatoes are the richest source of lycopene, which is linked to lung health. Eating tomatoes and tomato products like tomato juice can improve airway inflammation if you have asthma and may lower your chance of death if you have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Lycopene is also tied to less decline in lung function for young adults. These benefits are even more pronounced for people who used to smoke.

REVIEWED BY: Brunilda Nazario, MD, WebMD, on August 13, 2020

REFERENCES:

Annals of the American Thoracic Society: “The Relationship between Dietary Fiber Intake and Lung Function in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.”

Mayo Clinic: “Chart of high-fiber foods.”

European Respiratory Journal: “Processed meat consumption and lung health: more evidence for harm.”

Nutrients: “Role of Diet in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Prevention and Treatment.”

American Lung Association: “Asthma and Nutrition: How Food Affects Your Lungs.”

The American Journal of Medicine: “Alcohol and the Lung: A Brief Review.”

Alcohol Research: “Alcohol’s Effects on Lung Health and Immunity.”

Mayo Clinic: “Whole grains: Hearty options for a healthy diet.”

American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: “Dietary anthocyanin intake and age-related decline in lung function: longitudinal findings from the VA Normative Aging Study.”

Food and Nutrition Research: “Anthocyanidins and anthocyanins: colored pigments as food, pharmaceutical ingredients, and the potential health benefits.”

International Scholarly Research Notices: “High Salt Intake and Risk of Chronic Bronchitis: The Copenhagen Male Study -- A 10-Year Followup.”

The International Journal of Clinical Practice: “Dietary sodium intake and asthma: an epidemiological and clinical review.”

Cancer Causes and Control: “Fruits and vegetables consumption and the risk of histological subtypes of lung cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.”

Nutrition and Cancer: “Intakes of Fruits, Vegetables, and Related Vitamins and Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the Shanghai Men's Health Study (2002-2009).”

Cancer Causes and Control: “Diet and lung cancer mortality: a 1987 National Health Interview Survey cohort study.”

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition: “Dairy products and inflammation: A review of the clinical evidence.”

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