“Are You Dehydrated?”

WHAT’S IT MEAN? It’s when you lose more water than you take in. That makes it harder for your body to do some basic jobs, like keep your temperature steady and clear out waste. You lose water in your sweat, tears, and every time you go to the bathroom. Even breathing takes a little out of you. 

HOW LACK OF WATER AFFECTS YOU? More than half your body weight comes from water. So, if your levels are off, it can show up in a surprising number of ways. Mild dehydration can make you feel tired, give you a headache, and affect your mood and focus. And when you push yourself hard at the gym, all that sweating actually lowers how much blood you have for a bit.

IS THIRST A SIGN I’M DEHYDRATED? Yes, but no need to panic. By the time you get the urge to quench your thirst, you’re already a little dehydrated. As long as you pay attention and snag a drink when your body tells you to, it’s not a problem. For older adults, the lag might be a little longer. So, it can help to make a habit of drinking water.

WHO’S IT LIKELY TO HAPPEN TO? You can lose over a gallon of water a day if you have diarrhea and throw up. Babies and kids are more likely than adults to get dehydrated because they're smaller. Older adults need to be on the lookout because your sense of thirst gets duller with age. Kidney disease and some health conditions can make your body get parched. Pregnant or breastfeeding women need to drink more than usual.

SYMPTOMS IN YOUNG CHILDREN: Babies and little kids can’t always tell you what’s going on with their bodies. Look for a dry tongue, no tears when crying, no wet diapers for 3 hours, and more fussiness than normal. When it’s more severe, their mouths will be dry and sticky, and their eyes and cheeks may look sunken. They also may breathe fast and have a fast or weak pulse. 

SYMPTOMS IN OLDER KIDS AND ADULTS: You might be thirsty, and your mouth might feel dry or sticky. You won’t pee very often -- under 4 times a day. When you do go, there may not be much pee, and it’ll be dark or have a strong smell. You may feel dizzy or lightheaded, and you may pass out. As it gets worse, your thirst cranks up. Your breathing and heart rate may be faster than normal. You can overheat, and you might feel confused or cranky.

SHOULD I DRINK 8 CUPS A DAY? This old rule has zero science behind it. But it’s fine as a rough guide. The amount you need to drink depends on how active you are, where you live, and your overall health. If you’re not sure you’re drinking enough, check the color of your pee. Clear or pale-yellow means you’re all set. Darker means you need to drink up. 

WHAT ABOUT ELECTROLYTES? They’re just basic salts, like potassium, sodium, and calcium. But they have a hand in everything from how your nerves work to building healthy bone. Your electrolyte levels are closely tied to how much water is in your body. That means that if you’ve lost a lot of fluid, you’ll feel thirstier and pee less as your body tries to get the electrolytes back in balance.

DO I NEED A SPORTS DRINK? Almost never. These blends of water, salts, and sugars are made for high-level athletes, like marathon runners. Most of us don’t need anything more than water during exercise. You’ll only have to work harder to burn off the extra calories from sport drinks. If you do intense training for more than an hour, then they can make sense. 

ORAL REHYDRATION SOLUTION: When dehydration is mild or even moderate, you can often kick it with plenty of water. But if you have severe diarrhea or are throwing up, an oral rehydration solution might help. It’s more often kids who need one. The special mix of salts and sugars is a closer match to what the body needs. You can buy it over the counter at a drugstore.

WHEN TO CALL YOUR DOCTOR? When you see symptoms of severe dehydration, call your doctor right away. It can hit kids quickly, so it’s best to check in sooner rather than later. Signs include:

• Diarrhea for more than 24 hours
• Feeling dizzy, confused, or faint
• Can’t keep fluids down
• No energy
• Fast heartbeat or breathing
• Black or bloody poop

EMERGENCY TREATMENT: When your water levels get too low, you can’t tackle dehydration on your own. You’ll need to be treated at a hospital. The idea is the same -- to get fluids in you and to get your body back in balance. Doctors will give you the treatment through a vein with an IV, because it gets water and salts into your body much faster than you’d be able to drink them.

CAN I DRINK TOO MUCH? You can, but it’s not very likely. When you drink more than your kidneys can handle -- and that’s a lot -- you end up with a condition called hyponatremia. This is when your sodium levels get very low, causing your cells to swell up. It can be deadly, but rare. It mostly only happens to people who compete in intense long-distance races. 

TIPS FOR STAYING HYDRATED: If you just can’t remember to drink enough water, look for ways to build it into your day. Make water your go-to drink. Tip a glass at and between each meal. Or set a reminder on your phone to have a glass every hour. Some people find that carrying a water bottle does the trick. And if you’re hankering for a snack, have water instead. Sometimes, our bodies confuse thirst for hunger.

Reviewed by: Jennifer Robinson, MD on February 05, 2018

Sources:

Mayo Clinic: “Dehydration,” “Water: How much should you drink every day?” “Hyponatremia.”

KidsHealth: “Dehydration,” “First Aid: Dehydration.”

FamilyDoctor.org: “Hydration: Why It’s So Important.”

University of Connecticut, UConn Today: “Even Mild Dehydration Can Alter Mood.”

U.S. National Library of Medicine: “Water, Hydration and Health.”

Merck Manual: “About Body Water.”

American College of Emergency Physicians, Emergency Care for You: “Dehydration Comes on Fast and Can Be Fatal.”

National Health Service (UK): “Dehydration.”

HealthDirect: “Dehydration.”

Pubmed: “ 'Drink at least eight glasses of water a day.' Really? Is there scientific evidence for '8 x 8'?”

University of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer Center: “Electrolyte Imbalance.”

Health Navigator New Zealand: “Oral Rehydration Salts.”

Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School: Trade sports drinks for water.”

University of Wisconsin Health: “Sports and Energy Drinks: Are They Necessary?”

Much Love, Dr.Shermaine, #InformativeRead #PleaseShare #HealthyBodySoulAndSpirit #IWantYou2LiveWell

The Goal is to Always Make You Aware of What Concerns Your Body, Soul and Spirit, So You Can Have Open, Honest and Frequent Discussions With Your Physicians and Counselors. You Can’t Treat or Cure What You Don’t Know is Sick.

"It's Not Selfish to Love Yourself, Take Care of Yourself and to Make Your Happiness a Priority. It's a Necessity." (Mandy Hale)

"Self-Care is Not Selfish. You Cannot Serve From an Empty Vessel." (Eleanor Brown)
The contents of the WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine Sites, such as text, graphics, images, and other material contained on the WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine Sites ("Content") are for informational purposes only. The Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine Sites!

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on the Sites. Reliance on any information provided by WebMD, WebMD employees, others appearing on the Site at the invitation of WebMD, and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine or other visitors to the Sites is solely at your own risk.  

“What You Should Know About ADHD in Adults?”

ADHD Affects Adults, Too: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is not limited to children -- 30% to 70% of kids with ADHD continue having symptoms when they grow up. In addition, people who were never diagnosed as kids may develop more obvious symptoms in adulthood, causing trouble on the job or in relationships. Many adults don’t realize they have ADHD, leaving them mystified about why their goals seem to slip out of reach.

Signs of Adult ADHD: Running Late - ADHD in adults follows a slightly different pattern than in children. Adults may be chronically late for work or important events. Adults may realize that their tardiness is undermining their goals, but they just can't seem to be on time.

Signs of Adult ADHD: Risky Driving - One of the hallmarks of ADHD is difficulty keeping your mind on the task at hand. That spells trouble for teens and adults when they're behind the wheel of a vehicle. Studies show that people with ADHD are more likely to speed, have accidents, and lose their drivers' licenses.

Signs of Adult ADHD: Distraction - Adults with ADHD may have trouble prioritizing, starting, and finishing tasks. They tend to be disorganized, restless, and easily distracted. Some people with ADHD have trouble concentrating while reading. The inability to stay focused and follow through on tasks can derail careers, ambitions, and relationships.

Signs of Adult ADHD: Outbursts - Adults with ADHD may have problems with self-control. This can lead to:

• Difficulty controlling anger
• Impulsive behaviors
• Blurting out rude or insulting thoughts

Signs of Adult ADHD: Hyperfocus - Some adults with ADHD can focus intently on things they enjoy or find interesting -- the ability to hyperfocus. But they struggle to pay attention to tasks that bore them. The trouble is that many tasks necessary for success in everyday life are dull, from making a grocery list to filing documents at work. People with ADHD tend to put off boring tasks in favor of more enjoyable activities.

Multitasking or ADHD? It may seem like everyone has ADHD these days, as we respond to text messages, email, calls, and fast-paced work environments. While all of this can be distracting, most people manage to focus on important responsibilities. In people with ADHD, distractions interfere with the completion of vital tasks at home and at work.

ADHD or Something Else? If you are often restless and have trouble concentrating, don't jump to the conclusion that you have ADHD. These symptoms are also common in other conditions. Poor concentration is a classic sign of depression. Restlessness or anxiety could indicate an overactive thyroid or anxiety disorder. Your health care provider will investigate whether these conditions could be causing your symptoms instead of -- or in addition to – ADHD.

What Causes ADHD? In people with ADHD, brain chemicals called neurotransmitters are less active in areas of the brain that control attention. Researchers don't know exactly what causes this chemical imbalance, but they think genes may play a role, because ADHD often runs in families. Studies have also linked ADHD to prenatal exposure to cigarettes and alcohol.

An Evolutionary Advantage? One genetic variation that causes ADHD-like traits is more common in the world's nomadic peoples. Researchers think that traits such as impulsive behavior, novelty-seeking, and unpredictability might help nomads track down food and other resources. So the same qualities that make it challenging to excel at a desk job may have been an advantage to nomadic ancestors.

Diagnosing ADHD in Adults: Many adults don’t learn that they have ADHD until they get help for another problem, such as anxiety or depression. Discussing poor habits, troubles at work, or marital conflicts often reveals that ADHD is at fault. To confirm the diagnosis, the disorder must have been present during childhood, even if it was never diagnosed. Old report cards or talking with relatives can document childhood problems, such as poor focus and hyperactivity.

Testing for ADHD: During an evaluation for ADHD, some mental health professionals use neuropsychological tests. These can include timed, computer-based tests that measure attention and problem-solving skills. Neuropsychological testing is not needed to make a diagnosis, but it can shed light on how ADHD affects a person's daily life. It can also uncover coexisting conditions, such as learning disabilities.

Complications of Adult ADHD: Coping with the symptoms of adult ADHD can be frustrating in itself. At the same time, many adults with ADHD struggle with depression, anxiety, or obsessive compulsive disorder. They’re also more likely to smoke or abuse drugs. People with ADHD can limit these problems by seeking proper treatment.

Medications for ADHD: The most common medicines for ADHD are stimulants. It may seem ironic that people who are restless or hyperactive get help from stimulants. But there is good evidence that these drugs sharpen concentration by correcting an imbalance of brain chemicals. If stimulants aren't sufficient, your doctor may prescribe an antidepressant to stabilize mood or a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, such as atomoxetine, which can help control impulsive behaviors.

How Effective Are ADHD Drugs? There have been far fewer studies of ADHD drugs in adults than in children, but the research to date is promising. Studies have consistently shown adults taking stimulants have fewer ADHD symptoms. The benefits kick in within 30 minutes of the first dose and can last all day in the case of controlled-release medications.

Counseling for ADHD: Most adults with ADHD improve when they start medication, but they may continue to struggle with poor habits and low self-esteem. Counseling for ADHD focuses on getting organized, setting helpful routines, repairing relationships, and improving social skills. There is evidence that cognitive-behavioral therapy is particularly helpful in managing problems of daily life that are associated with ADHD.

Adult ADHD on the Job: Holding down a job can be tough for people with ADHD. They often have trouble breaking down tasks and following directions, staying organized, and making deadlines. They’re also prone to tardiness and careless mistakes. In one national survey, only half of adults with ADHD were employed full time, compared to 72% of adults without the disorder. People with ADHD also tend to earn less than their peers.

Careers for Adults with ADHD: There's not much research yet into the careers where people with ADHD are likely to thrive. But ADHD expert Russell A. Barkely, MD, reports that his patients have excelled in sales, acting, the military, photography, athletic coaching, and many trade professions. Having ADHD does not prevent you from pursuing any career that interests you.

Job Coaching for ADHD: People with ADHD may be able to boost their job performance with coaching or mentoring. The mentor will help with organization skills, such as taking notes, keeping a daily planner and prioritizing a to-do list. A quiet workspace with few distractions may help. ADHD is a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act. This means employers must make adjustments to support a worker’s needs.

Adult ADHD and Marriage: ADHD can sabotage marriage and other relationships. The condition makes it difficult to remember social commitments, birthdays, or anniversaries, finish household chores, and pay bills on time. Adults with ADHD may lose their tempers easily or engage in reckless behavior. This leads to higher rates of separation and divorce.

Life Coaching for ADHD: Like having a mentor in the workplace, some people with ADHD benefit from having a coach for everyday life. Coaching is generally a supplement to more formal psychological counseling. The mentor helps the patient put newly learned skills into practice in real-life situations, whether organizing the home or planning a trip.

Organizational Skills for ADHD: Smart phone "organizer" apps can be especially useful for people with ADHD. Use an app to create a new to-do list every night, and you'll always have it with you on your phone. Keep your list organized by using four categories: calls, emails, tasks, and errands. Other apps can help you keep your schedule up to date, so you won't miss important events.

Diet Tips for Adults with ADHD: Some experts believe foods that provide quality brain fuel could reduce symptoms of ADHD. High-protein foods, including nuts, meat, beans, and eggs, may improve concentration. Replacing simple carbs with complex carbs, like whole-grain pasta or brown rice, can help ward off mood swings and stabilize energy levels.

Does Sugar Worsen ADHD? The idea that sugar makes people hyperactive is popular, but there is no evidence that sweets cause ADHD or make its symptoms worse. Research in children indicates switching to a sugar substitute, such as aspartame, does not reduce symptoms of ADHD.

Outlook for Adults With ADHD - Adults with ADHD don’t outgrow the condition, but many learn to manage it successfully. Long-term treatment can reduce problems at home and at work, bringing patients closer to their families and their professional goals.

Reviewed by Brunilda Nazario, MD on Tuesday, June 05, 2012

REFERENCES:

• Cleveland Clinic: "ADHD in Adults."
• Reimer, B. Journal of Traffic Injury Prevention, September 2007.
• National Resource Center on ADHD: "Diagnosis of ADHD in Adults."
• Hormone Health Network: "Thyroid Problems."
• Williams, N. The Lancet, October 2010.
• National Institute of Mental Health: "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."
• UptoDate.com
• U.S. National Library of Medicine: "Drug Class Review: Pharmacologic Treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder."
• Medline Plus: "Atomoxetine."
• National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK): " Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children, Young People and Adults."
• Biederman, J. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, April 2006.
• The New York Times, February 2011.
• CDC: "Symptoms of ADHD."
• American Medical Association: "New Analysis Cites Economic Impact of ADHD," Sept, 2004.
• Kessler, R. The American Journal of Psychiatry, April 2006.
• Searight, H. American Family Physician, November 2000.
• Nancy Ratey, EdM, author, The Disorganized Mind: Coaching Your ADHD Brain to Take Control of Your Time, Tasks, and Talents.
• National Resource Center on ADHD: "Complementary and Alternative Treatments."
• Eisenberg, T. BMC Evolutionary Biology, March 2008.

 
 Much Love, Dr.Shermaine #InformativeRead #PleaseShare #HealthyBodySoulAndSpirit #IWantYou2LiveWell

The Goal is to Always Make You Aware of What Concerns Your Body, Soul and Spirit, So You Can Have Open, Honest and Frequent Discussions With Your Physicians and Counselors. You Can’t Treat or Cure What You Don’t Know is Sick.

"It's Not Selfish to Love Yourself, Take Care of Yourself and to Make Your Happiness a Priority. It's a Necessity." (Mandy Hale)

"Self-Care is Not Selfish. You Cannot Serve From an Empty Vessel." (Eleanor Brown)

The contents of the WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine Sites, such as text, graphics, images, and other material contained on the WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine Sites ("Content") are for informational purposes only. The Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on the WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine Sites!

If you think you may have a medical emergency, call your doctor or 911 immediately. WebMD and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine does not recommend or endorse any specific tests, physicians, products, procedures, opinions, or other information that may be mentioned on the Sites. Reliance on any information provided by WebMD, WebMD employees, others appearing on the Site at the invitation of WebMD, and Self-Care With Dr. Shermaine or other visitors to the Sites is solely at your own risk.